ABSTRACT
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Amyloid , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Risk Factors , tau ProteinsABSTRACT
Mentalizing is the vital cognitive basis of understanding of action intention.However,there are few studies on the complex relationship of them.The present study,firstly,discusses the concepts and the brain mechanisms of empathy and understanding of action intention,indicating the temporal dynamic features of mentalizing as well as understanding of action intention.Secondly,based on Intention Processing Network,the process of mentalizing in understanding of action intention is in hierarchy and division.During which,ventral medial prefrontal lobe plays a vital role on integrating and transforming the cognitive and affective information.Empathy and mentalizing transform into each other through ventral medial prefrontal lobe.So empathy probably mediates the relationship of mentalizing and understanding of action intention.Empathy,mentalizing and understanding of action intention can be integrated under the framework of hybrid models.Future studies should examine the relationship between empathy and understanding of action intention by empirical researches.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze of the effect of artificial lengthening femoral head replacement in elderly patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods 203 patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture were selected as the research object,and they were taken artificial lengthening femoral head replacement,among which 65caese were male,female in 138 cases.The Harris scoring,SF-36,VAS pain scores on admission,2 weeks after operation,postoperative follow-up limb were counted,and the pain of the affected limb and the hip scores were compared amond 3 time periods.Results All 203 cases of senile patients with follow-up,average operation time was 83.64 minutes,the intraoperative blood loss was 355.41mL.The curative effect was evaluated according to the Harris score,SF-36 and VAS pain scoring criteria,and the Harris scores of the affected limbs at admission,at 2 weeks after the operation and after the follow-up were (28.26 ± 5.50) points,(68.26 ±5.50) points,(93.13 ± 5.31) points,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =-71.27,-1 397.55,-46.07,all P ＜ 0.01);The VAS pain scores were (8.19 ± 0.48) points,(3.53 ± 0.71) points,(0.23 ± 0.42) points,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =88.06,324.17,60.84,all P ＜ 0.01).The sf-36 scores:physiological [(8.35 ± 1.24) points,(15.23 ± 2.17) points,(19.21 ± 2.12) points],social/family [(7.01 ±1.13) points,(14.12 ± 2.12) points,(19.85 ± 2.24) points],emotional [(4.83 ± 1.01) points,(10.12 ±1.22)points,(14.87 ± 1.32) points],function [(6.35 ± 1.21) points,(13.67 ± 1.87) points,(16.81 ±2.12) points],additional focus [(8.85 ± 1.45) points,(16.38 ± 2.12) points,(20.21 ± 2.42) points],total quality of life [(47.35 ± 4.76) points,(74.69 ± 5.87) points,(89.21 ± 6.12) points],the differences were statistically significant(-39.77,-62.92,-20.21,-44.87,-71.89,-26.79,-45.04,-89.01,-38.25,-45.79,-63.41,-15.29,-45.20,-60.39,-17.54,-52.12,-76.49,-22.58,all P＜0.O1).Conclusion Artificial lengthening femoral head replacement in elderly patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture has good clinical effect,intraoperative high safety,less postoperative complications,postoperative limb functional recovery is good,and it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the preventive effect of Qingyi Decoction (QYD) on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-five patients scheduled to receive ERCP were randomized by the digital table into three groups, two were medicated respectively with QYD (39 cases) and octreotide (42 cases), the other one was untreated for control (44 cases). Changes of blood levels of amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), as well as the incidence of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia was observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 4 h and 24 h post-operational blood amylase (U/L) was 132.03 +/- 75.29 and 153.15 +/- 78.69 in the QYD group, and 134.74 +/- 22.24 and 148.50 +/- 79.37 in the octreotide group, all were significantly lower than those in the control group (241.27 +/- 137.04 and 286.89 +/- 133.77), respectively. The 24 h CRP (mg/L) in both QYD and octreotide group (11.05 +/- 3.57 and 12.48 +/- 3.80) was also lower than that in the control group (17.70 +/- 4.93, P < 0.05), while the 24 h IL-10 (ng/L) in the QYD group (105.00 +/- 31.85) was higher than that in the octreotide group (77.98 +/- 33.13) and the control group (75.98 +/- 30.99) respectively. The incidence of pancreatitis in the QYD, octreotide, and the control group was 2.6%, 0 and 11.4%, that of hyperamylasemia in them 28.2%, 21.4%, and 56.8%, respectively. The occurrence rate of hyperamylasemia was lower in the QYD group and the octreotide group than in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QYD could lower CRP and up-regulate IL-10 level, restrain the inflammation reaction and reduce the blood amylase level in the post-ERCP period, thus reducing the incidence of hyperamylasemia.</p>